As we broadcast from the COP30 climate summit in Belém, Brazil, calls are growing for stronger protections for refugees and migrants forcibly displaced by climate disasters. The United Nations estimates about 250 million people have been forced from their homes in the last decade due to deadly drought, storms, floods and extreme heat — mainly in the Global South, where many populations have also faced repeated displacement due to war and extreme poverty. Meanwhile, wealthier Global North nations disproportionately responsible for greenhouse emissions that fuel global warming are intensifying their crackdowns on migrants and climate refugees fleeing compounding humanitarian crises.

“The main issue is always poverty, lack of opportunity, and climate change is basically exacerbating this problem,” Guatemala’s vice minister of natural resources and climate change, Edwin Josué Castellanos López, told Democracy Now!

“This is not abstract,” Nikki Reisch, director of climate and energy at the Center for International Environmental Law, says of climate-induced migration. “This is about real lives. It’s about survival. It’s about human rights and dignity, and, ultimately, about justice.”

Reisch also gives an update on the state of the COP30 negotiations, noting the “big-ticket items” on the agenda are providing financing for transition and adaptation, phasing out fossil fuels and preserving forests. “The big polluters need to phase out and pay up,” says Reisch.

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